Blends: Consonant clusters where each letter is distinctly sounded by connectedly, such as bl and nd in
the word “blend;” scr in “scratch.”
the word “blend;” scr in “scratch.”
Showing posts with label English Pronunciation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label English Pronunciation. Show all posts
Saturday, January 7, 2012
Digraph
Digraph: Two letters together representing one sound:
Consonants: ch (chin/ache/chivalry), sh (ship), th (they/thin), ck (sack), kn (know),
gh (ghost), ph (phone), pn (pneumonia), ps (psychic), rh (rhinoceros), sc (science),
gn (gnat/ sign), wr (write), ng (sing), wh = /hw/ (!) (whale). Note: The /k/ sound is spelled ck
after short vowels, example: tack versus take.”
Vowels: ea (meat/bread/great) (See Hanna list for more complete listings.)
Mixed: ci (facial), si (session), ti (nation), ce (ocean); These make the /sh/ sound in syllables
after the first. (See Rule 9.) qu = /k/ in mystique and technique.
Consonants: ch (chin/ache/chivalry), sh (ship), th (they/thin), ck (sack), kn (know),
gh (ghost), ph (phone), pn (pneumonia), ps (psychic), rh (rhinoceros), sc (science),
gn (gnat/ sign), wr (write), ng (sing), wh = /hw/ (!) (whale). Note: The /k/ sound is spelled ck
after short vowels, example: tack versus take.”
Vowels: ea (meat/bread/great) (See Hanna list for more complete listings.)
Mixed: ci (facial), si (session), ti (nation), ce (ocean); These make the /sh/ sound in syllables
after the first. (See Rule 9.) qu = /k/ in mystique and technique.
A Vowel letter
B. A Vowel letter can represent more than one speech sound, depending on the
presence of other letters:
(“Short”) (“Long”)
Vowel First Second Third
a am ate all
e egg eve
i in ice
o on open
u up use put
I will use the terms, “short,” “long,” and “third” sounds. “Vowel” means a vowel letter, as a. A vowel
sound is denoted /a/. Note that in its “long” sound, a vowel “says its own name.”
presence of other letters:
(“Short”) (“Long”)
Vowel First Second Third
a am ate all
e egg eve
i in ice
o on open
u up use put
I will use the terms, “short,” “long,” and “third” sounds. “Vowel” means a vowel letter, as a. A vowel
sound is denoted /a/. Note that in its “long” sound, a vowel “says its own name.”
consonant letters
A. The Alphabet is composed of vowel letters and consonant letters. The vowels are a, e, i, o, and u, and
sometimes y. (The letters r, l, and w frequently affect how vowels are sounded: The a is sounded
differently in car, call, or caw as compared with cat.) The consonants are easier; let’s deal with them
first. s is a letter; /s/ is a sound.
b: bat
c: cat (c =/k/)
cent (before e, i,
or y, c = /s/)
d: dog
f: fat
g: gun (g = /g/)
gem (before e, i,
or y, g - /j/)
j: jet
k: kit
l: log
m: mat
n: nap
p: pan
q(u): quit (qu = /kw/)
mystique (qu = /k/)
r: run
s: sat (s = /s/)
t: tag
v: vat
w: win
x: box (x = /ks/)
xylophone (x = /z/)
y: yes
z: zebra
sometimes y. (The letters r, l, and w frequently affect how vowels are sounded: The a is sounded
differently in car, call, or caw as compared with cat.) The consonants are easier; let’s deal with them
first. s is a letter; /s/ is a sound.
b: bat
c: cat (c =/k/)
cent (before e, i,
or y, c = /s/)
d: dog
f: fat
g: gun (g = /g/)
gem (before e, i,
or y, g - /j/)
j: jet
k: kit
l: log
m: mat
n: nap
p: pan
q(u): quit (qu = /kw/)
mystique (qu = /k/)
r: run
s: sat (s = /s/)
t: tag
v: vat
w: win
x: box (x = /ks/)
xylophone (x = /z/)
y: yes
z: zebra
Thursday, January 5, 2012
Tuesday, December 27, 2011
Wednesday, December 21, 2011
Monday, December 19, 2011
Monday, November 28, 2011
Sunday, November 27, 2011
Saturday, November 26, 2011
What is phonology?
Phonology is the study of the sound system of languages. It is a huge area of language theory and it is difficult to do more on a general language course than have an outline knowledge of what it includes. In an exam, you may be asked to comment on a text that you are seeing for the first time in terms of various language descriptions, of which phonology may be one. At one extreme, phonology is concerned with anatomy and physiology - the organs of speech and how we learn to use them. At another extreme, phonology shades into socio-linguistics as we consider social attitudes to features of sound such as accent and intonation. And part of the subject is concerned with finding objective standard ways of recording speech, and representing this symbolically.
For some kinds of study - perhaps a language investigation into the phonological development of young children or regional variations in accent, you will need to use phonetic transcription to be credible. But this is not necessary in all kinds of study - in an exam, you may be concerned with stylistic effects of sound in advertising or literature, such as assonance, rhyme or onomatopoeia - and you do not need to use special phonetic symbols to do this.
For some kinds of study - perhaps a language investigation into the phonological development of young children or regional variations in accent, you will need to use phonetic transcription to be credible. But this is not necessary in all kinds of study - in an exam, you may be concerned with stylistic effects of sound in advertising or literature, such as assonance, rhyme or onomatopoeia - and you do not need to use special phonetic symbols to do this.
